As Cordel Literature, as a vehicle of popular imagery, retraces the paths skewed the matuto look, traces the way the backcountry react to the world, and more than that, it leaves clues of the complex system on which to build their sense of challenge.Living art form closely attuned to popular view, Cordel Literature offers researchers an ever-open space of reflection on oneIt is very rich and diverse cultural production of a people; but the Northeast is special. However, perhaps our biggest problem is not the value of what we have. It is more conducive accept what the media offers than exploring what is in our day-to-day.
The string literature is just that - popular culture. The verses are always reporting events, political events, artistic, legendary, folkloric or picturesque of life as it really is. Its production is simple as the people; It does not require much "style" or "formalities"; its scope reaches all social classes. So, what is missing is the recognition and appreciation. In proposing this work for students in the classroom, we will be offering a range of features that help in various needs of learning, such as text production, reading, writing, non-verbal language (the analysis of the woodcut), appreciation artistic and literary and a universe for socialization and citizenship, especially in the field of literature.It is an educational field of study where teachers have subsidies - learning to work various types of content, as these can be adopted to the objectives that are outlined. At the same time it is an opportunity for this branch of popular literature have a chance of acceptance and recovery; making awakening among the people the taste for the preservation of our artists and northeastern culture in schools.
The origin of string literature.
The popular Portuguese ballads originated the string literature began to be disclosed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, brought by Portuguese settlers whose sale was the privilege of the blind. From the nineteenth century the northeastern ballads became independent, with its own characteristic, that name came from a cord or string in which the leaflets were hung on display. Originally, the string literature binds to the disclosure of traditional stories, past times of narratives that popular memory preserved and transmitted. These narratives fall under the category of chivalric romance, love, war, travel and maritime conquest. Later they appeared in the same kind of poetry describing recent events and contemporary social events that held the attention of the population.
In Spain, the same kind of popular literature was called "pliegos sueltos" the correspondete in Portugal, the leaflets, loose sheets or string literature. Mexico, Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru for the run, consists generally of two groups: the traditional novel with universal themes of love and death, classified as secular, religious and children; and nacionales oscorridos, with patriotic and political issues the latter is the least sung.
In France, the same phenomenon corresponds to "litteratue of Colportage" wheel literature, more directed to the rural areas, through the "occasionnels" while in the cities prevailed the "canard".
England brochures are similar to our current and were called "cockes" or "catchpennies", in relation to imaginary novels and stories; and "broadsiddes" concerning leaflets envelopes historical facts, which were equivalent to our circunstaciais motivation brochures. The so-called time of flyers or "happened."
In Germany, the leaflets had typographers format in fourth and eighth four and sixteen sheets. Edited by printers loose, they were aimed at the general public being sold at markets, fairs, taverns in front of churches and universities. Their covers (just like today, in northeastern Brazil) brought woodcuts, fixing aspects of the theme. Although most German flyers were in prose, others appeared in verse, including indication on the title page, to be sung with melody known at the time.
In Brazil no longer discussing the string literature, we came in through the Lusitanian colonizers in "loose-leaf" or "manuscripts". Only later, with the appearance of small printers, end of the last century the line of literature took root above all in the Northeast just to prove that it is a very popular literature, also appear the so-called repentistas that create the letters on the hour, According to the request of the audience to give them the subject, and the singers obey usually sing in pairs, and these have revealed the social and political and economic scandals in recent years they have punished us.The string of the peculiarities of the regional culture.
The expense of much struggle, both singing as those who write the string, has survived. Thanks to the desire to do something different the line has broken barriers that seemed insurmountable, to be able to occupy the place that is being inhabited by things that are not our parents.
Brazilian line of leaflets, with its multiple themes and expressive form of poetic composition, have been objects of study for researchers of our country and also foreigners. The line of text poetically structured having as sextain as basic stanza, they are illustrated with woodcuts of postcards, photographs, drawings and other graphic compositions and offer abundant material for research entailing varying interpretations that refer to the socio-cultural context in which they operate each text. Thus, the leaflets on different themes, traditional or contemporary are versejados by numerous popular poets, settling iconic-textual relationships significant, or other intratextual.
As is known, this rich and suggestive popular literary expression, which found fertile ground field in northeastern Brazil, can only be understood within the broader cultural context, involving their European or Asian origin, to the current production, in order to have a broader view of its themes and forms of expression and the changes that have been going in the narrative structure level.
Cordel literature is the name of the means of offers popular literature, it originated in the fact that the sellers, dependurarem small booklet on strings or cords, usually made in sizes from 11x15cm or 11 × 17 cm and of low quality paper and had with their covers illustrated with woodcuts in the late 20th 30s and 50s, appeared the covers with US cinemas star photos.
Currently, although the same size, although they can be found in other sizes. As for replacing print typography of the past, photocopies are also used today, it is common to find sellers put them on bins or mats on the sidewalks. These sellers also often appear in weekly markets. The string literature is divided into three types: leaflets containing eight pages, romance having sixteen to twenty-four pages; and stories of thirties and two to forty-eight pages.
In general, a graphic presentation is very modest, because the price is low, since it is intended to lower layer of the population.
These books narrate the most diverse subjects, from love stories, the adventures of bandits and important events in an attempt to better sell their merchandise, usually the seller read aloud the book's content and then offer it to prospective buyers, themes presented in these books appear in prose or in verse.
Woodcut
The woodcut - carving in wood - is likely Chinese origin and is known since the sixth century. In the West, it has already stated during the Middle Ages, through the illuminated decks and apparel. But until then, the woodcut was only technical reproduction of copies. Only later did she begin to be valued as artistic expression itself. In the eighteenth century comes to Europe revolutionary new conception of woodcuts: the Japanese prints in color. Process that only developed in the West from the twentieth century. Today, as they use up to 92 colors and nuances in one picture.
Aspect of great importance of Cordel is undoubtedly the woodcut of their covers. It is known that the old string did not bring woodcuts. Their covers were illustrated only with vignettes - poor arabesques used in small printers of the northeastern interior. From the thirties, there were leaflets bringing the covers clichés of movie stars, cards pictures, portraits of Father Cicero and Lampião. The woodcuts or "tacos", as even now prefer to call the popular artists using light woods such as umburana, pine, cedar, cajá.
In the woodcut, the resistance - higher or lower - wood undergoes transformations. It is believed the new wooden shafts, another plot. Fiber springs will composing spans and open flap gouge cuts. These neuralgic fibers - amalgamated white paper - make him the rhythms of insurgents fibers, contrasting with the black or colored filament printing. Integrated to the paper, the black color takes special values. The blackness and coloring record a single warp, non-existent in nature. The woodcuts are popular illustrations obtained by engravings carved in wood, very widespread in the Northeast and always associated with Cordel Literature, since from the late nineteenth century are now used to produce the covers of brochures.
Previously, the woodcut had considered using "less noble" as the manufacture of labels of rum bottles and other products. Its great popularity came with the line.
The origin of woodcut northeastern today is ignored. It is believed that the Portuguese missionaries have taught his technique to Brazilians, as an extra activity catechesis, based on the religious principle that advocates need to occupy your hands so that the mind does not get free of bad thoughts, to sin.
sig in @Lipe Lundorf
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